Allowing access to applications based on user handling measurements

ABSTRACT

Authenticating users comprises a computing device that receives a manual authentication input of a user and initiates a first user session between the user and the user computing device. The device communicates a request for a first user authorization data from an authentication technology associated with the one or more computing devices and receives the first user authentication data. The user or the device terminates the first user session and subsequently receives an input of the user to initiate a second user session. The device communicates a request for second user authentication data from the authentication technology and compares the first user authentication data and the second user authentication data. The device identifies a match of one or more features of the first user authentication data and one or more features of the second user authentication data and authorizes the user to conduct the second user session.

RELATED APPLICATION

This patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to U.S.Patent Application No. 62/030,582, filed Jul. 29, 2014 and entitled“User Authentication.” The entire contents of the above-identifiedapplication are hereby fully incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The technology disclosed herein relates to using various user computingdevice technologies for simplifying authentication for users. Accessingdata about the user via user computing device technologies, such ascapacitance, user handling of the device, and a camera module, allowsthe user computing device to more efficiently, accurately, and securelyprovide the user access to applications or other functions of the userdevice.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram depicting a system for authenticating users,in accordance with certain example embodiments of the technologydisclosed herein.

FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram depicting methods for usingauthentication technologies to authenticate users, in accordance withcertain example embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block flow diagram depicting methods for authenticatingusers based on user handling of the user computing device, in accordancewith certain example embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a block flow diagram depicting methods for authenticatingusers based on a camera module input, in accordance with certain exampleembodiments.

FIG. 5 is a block flow diagram depicting methods for authenticatingusers based on a capacitance module input, in accordance with certainexample embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a block flow diagram depicting methods for authorizing usersbased on authentication results.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram depicting a computing machine and a module, inaccordance with certain example embodiments.

SUMMARY

Techniques herein provide computer-implemented methods to authenticateusers. In an example embodiment, user authentication comprises a usercomputing device that receives a manual authentication input of a uservia a user interface of a user computing device and initiates a firstuser session between the user and the user computing device. The systemcommunicates a request for a first user authorization data from anauthentication technology associated with the one or more computingdevices and receives the first user authentication data. The user or thesystem terminates the first user session and subsequently receives aninput of the user to initiate a second user session. The systemcommunicates a request for second user authentication data from theauthentication technology and compares the first user authenticationdata and the second user authentication data. The system identifies amatch of one or more features of the first user authentication data andone or more features of the second user authentication data andauthorizes the user to conduct the second user session.

In certain example embodiments, the authentication technology may be acapacitance module of the user computing device. In certain exampleembodiments, the authentication technology may be a camera module of theuser computing device. In certain example embodiments, theauthentication technology may be a gyroscope and/or an accelerometer ofthe user computing device.

In certain example embodiments, the user computing device may use theone or more authentication technologies to determine a user's access tothe user computing device and/or one or more applications on the usercomputing device. The authentication application may determine theauthentication technology results for the attempted user session andallow access to certain applications or other functions of the usercomputing device based on the results.

In certain other example aspects described herein, systems and computerprogram products to authenticate users are provided.

These and other aspects, objects, features, and advantages of theexample embodiments will become apparent to those having ordinary skillin the art upon consideration of the following detailed description ofillustrated example embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS Overview

Embodiments herein provide computer-implemented techniques for usingauthentication technologies of a user computing device to authenticateusers. A typical user computing device comprises technologies, modules,applications, and other hardware and software that may be utilized toauthenticate a user for a session with the user computing device.

In an example embodiment, the user computing device utilizes anauthentication application to receive inputs from the authenticationtechnologies to control access to the user computing device. Theauthentication application may require an action or input from the userto utilize one or more of the authentication technologies. Theauthentication application may display the available authenticationtechnologies to the user. For example, the available authenticationtechnologies may include a camera module, a capacitance module, and avoice recognition module. The user may review the list of availableauthentication technologies and input an option to allow a certainauthentication technology to be used to authenticate the user, butprohibit a different authentication technology. In the example, the usermay allow a capacitance module and a voice recognition technology, butprohibit the camera module.

A user provides an authentication to the user computing device, such asa password, a personal identification number (“PIN”), or otherconfigured authentication information. After the user is authenticated,the authentication application receives an initial input from one ormore of the authentication technologies. The initial input is saved in astorage device. The storage device may be a local storage device on theuser computing device that is secured so as to prevent unauthorizedaccess.

In the example, the session with the user computing device ends. Theuser may manually end the session by setting the computing device to aninactive state. The user may stop using the user computing device for aperiod of time that causes the user computing device to end the sessionor “time out.” The session may be ended for any suitable reason.

The user reactivates the user computing device at a time aftertermination of the previous authentication session. The user may actuatea physical or virtual button or other object to initiate the usercomputing device.

The authentication technologies provide an input of user authenticationdata to the authentication application. The authentication applicationcompares the input to the stored initial input that is stored in thedatabase associated with the user. If one or more features of the inputsmatch, then the user is authenticated and permission is granted by theauthentication application to allow the user access to one or moreapplications or functions of the user computing device, without reentryof the one or more manual authentication inputs such as a password, aPIN, or other configured authentication information.

In an example, an accelerometer and a gyroscope may be utilized as anauthentication technology. The accelerometer and the gyroscope, or otherrelated modules, may be used to determine how the user handles the usercomputing device. The authentication application may determine, based onthe accelerometer and the gyroscope, the motions of the user as the userholds the user computing device. For example, the authenticationapplication may determine the angle at which the user frequently holdsthe user computing device. The angle may be indicative of aspects of themanner in which the user handles the device. In another example, theauthentication application may determine hand motions that arefrequently made by the user while holding the user computing device.

The authentication application may store the angles and motions of theuser in a database associated with the user. The angles and motionsadditionally may be correlated by the authentication application toother factors related to the user. For example, the angles and themotions may indicate that the user is right handed or left handed. Theangles and the motions may indicate that the user typically employs theuser computing device while moving in a vehicle. The angles and themotions may indicate that the user typically employs the user computingdevice while seated. Any typical input that provides an indication of amanner that the user frequently handles the user computing device may bestored by the authentication application.

In the example, the user activates the user computing device at a timeafter termination of the previous session. The accelerometer and thegyroscope provide an input of the user's handling of the user computingdevice to the authentication application. The authentication applicationcompares the input to the initial input that is stored in the databaseassociated with the user. If the inputs match, or match to a configuredlevel for authentication, then the user is authenticated and permissionis granted by the authentication application to allow the user access toone or more applications or functions of the user computing device. Incertain example embodiments, other authentication technologies may becombined with the input of the accelerometer and the gyroscope todetermine an overall user authentication level.

In another example, a camera module may be utilized as an authenticationtechnology. The camera module, or other related image capturing modulesor external camera devices, may be used to determine if the user isauthenticated. The authentication application may determine, based onthe camera module, whether the current user is the authenticated user.For example, the camera module captures an image of the user at the timethat the user is authenticated, such as when the user inputs a PIN orpassword to access the user computing device.

The image captured by the camera module may provide to theauthentication application data about the user at the time of the PINauthentication. For example, the authentication application may identifythe color of a shirt being worn by the user. In another example, theauthentication application may identify the facial hair of the user. Inanother example, the authentication application may identify thebackground of the user, such as a window or a lamp. In another example,the authentication application may perform a facial recognitionalgorithm on the image of the user. Any other identifiable data from theimage may be used. The authentication application may store theidentified images in a database associated with the user.

In the example, the user activates the user computing device at a timeafter termination of the previous session. The camera module provides animage captured substantially at the time that the user activates theuser computing device. The authentication application compares thecaptured image to the initial image that is stored in the databaseassociated with the user. If the images include matching features, thenthe user is authenticated and permission is granted by theauthentication application to allow the user access to one or moreapplications or functions of the user computing device.

For example, the authentication application determines if the userattempting the activation is wearing a shirt of the same color or styleas the user was wearing when the user initially input a PIN or passwordto access the user computing device. In another example, theauthentication application identifies background objects from the image,such as a window or a lamp that match data that was input at the timewhen the user initially input a PIN or password to access the usercomputing device. In another example, the authentication applicationdetermines if the user attempting the activation has similar facial hairas the user when the user when initially inputting a PIN or password toaccess the user computing device. Any suitable information from thecamera image that can be matched to data stored in the database may beused to provide an indication that the activating user is theauthenticated user. In certain example embodiments, other authenticationtechnologies may be combined with the input of the camera module todetermine an overall user authentication level.

In another example, a capacitance module may be utilized as anauthentication technology. The capacitance module, or other relatedtechnology that captures electrical properties of a user, may be used todetermine if the user is authenticated. The authentication applicationmay determine, based on the capacitance module, whether the current useris the authenticated user. For example, the capacitance module capturesa capacitance of the user at the time that the user is authenticated,such as when the user inputs a PIN or password to access the usercomputing device. The capacitance may be captured by two capacitancesensors on the user computing device. The capacitance depends on thepath that electricity takes through the body—if the signal goes in theleft hand and out the right hand, then the capacitance will be differentthan if the electricity goes in and out of adjacent fingers. Thecapacitance measurement thus is dependent on the manner in which theuser touches the sensors and also by the particular capacitance of thebody of the user.

The capacitance captured by the capacitance module may provide to theauthentication application data about the user at the time of the PINauthentication. For example, the authentication application may identifythe capacitance of the user. The authentication application may storethe identified capacitance in a database associated with the user.

In the example, the user activates the user computing device at a timeafter termination of the previous session. The capacitance moduleprovides an input of the user capacitance captured substantially at thetime that the user activates the user computing device. Theauthentication application compares the input to the initial input thatis stored in the database associated with the user. If the inputs match,then the user is authenticated and permission is granted by theauthentication application to allow the user access to one or moreapplications or functions of the user computing device. In certainexample embodiments, other authentication technologies may be combinedwith the input of the capacitance module to determine an overall userauthentication level.

The authentication application on the user computing device may use theone or more authentication technologies to determine a user's access tothe user computing device and/or one or more applications or functionson the user computing device. The authentication application maydetermine the authentication state of the results of the authenticationtechnology for the attempted user session and calculate a userauthorization rating.

In an example, the authentication application may determine that thecapacitance module produced a match with the stored input, the cameramodule produced a match for the shirt color and the facial hair, thehandling technology produced a match for the angle of the user computingdevice, but a voice recognition analysis did not produce a match for theuser. In this example, a 100% match of the authentication technologieswas not produced. In the example, the authentication application allowsthe user access to a group of applications, but withholds access fromthe digital wallet application module. The allowed applications may bedirected toward functions that are not deemed by the authenticationapplication to be security risks. For example, the user may be allowedaccess to the camera module, a contact list application, and one or moregames. In the example, the user may be prompted to enter a manualauthentication, such as a PIN, to access all features of the usercomputing device. The particular level of authentication for eachapplication or for particular functions of an application can beconfigured to provided a desired level of security for particularapplications or application functions.

The authentication application may compare the user authorization ratingto a database of authentication ratings to determine the appropriatelevel of access. In certain examples, if 5 out of 6 authenticationtechnologies indicate that the user is the authorized user, then thesystem may provide a recommendation to the authentication application toallow full access to the user. If only 2 out of 5 authenticationtechnologies indicate that the user is the authorized user, then thesystem may provide a recommendation to the authentication application toallow the user to access the user computing device, but withhold anysecure data or applications that are configured as secure applications.

In certain examples, based on the comparison with the database, theauthentication application may allow any percentage of applications orprograms on the user computing device to be accessed, such as 10% of theapplications, 50% of the applications or all of the applications. Incertain examples, certain authentication technologies are given moreweight than other authentication technologies. For example, if a facialrecognition algorithm from the camera module provides a matching input,but the angle in which the user is handling the device does not producea match, the authentication application may still allow access to theuser because the facial recognition is weighted to be a more reliablemeasurement.

By using and relying on the methods and systems described herein, theuser computing device technologies can provide accurate and reliableuser data for authenticating the user. As such, the systems and methodsdescribed herein may be employed to allow the user computing device toaccess user data provided by the authentication technologies, and usethe user data to authenticate the user without the need for additionaluser input of security information. The user is not troubled to providea personal identification code, password, or certain other manuallyentered authentication data to access certain functions of the usercomputing device for a subsequent authenticated session. The system canaccess the user capacitance, user handling of the device, a cameramodule, or certain other authentication technologies to enable the usercomputing device to more efficiently, accurately, and securelyauthenticate the user for access to applications or other functions onthe user device. Hence, the methods and systems described hereindecrease user frustration and permit accurate and reliable userauthentication.

Example System Architectures

Turning now to the drawings, in which like numerals represent like (butnot necessarily identical) elements throughout the figures, exampleembodiments are described in detail.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram depicting a system for authenticating users,in accordance with certain example embodiments. As depicted in FIG. 1,the system 100 includes network computing systems 110 and 140 that areconfigured to communicate with one another via one or more networks 105.In some embodiments, a user associated with a device must install anapplication and/or make a feature selection to obtain the benefits ofthe techniques described herein.

Each network 105 includes a wired or wireless telecommunication means bywhich network devices (including devices 110 and 140) can exchange data.For example, the network 105 can include a local area network (“LAN”), awide area network (“WAN”), an intranet, an Internet, storage areanetwork (SAN), personal area network (PAN), a metropolitan area network(MAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a virtual private network(VPN), a cellular or other mobile communication network, Bluetooth, NFC,or any combination thereof or any other appropriate architecture orsystem that facilitates the communication of signals, data, and/ormessages. Throughout the discussion of example embodiments, it should beunderstood that the terms “data” and “information” are usedinterchangeably herein to refer to text, images, audio, video, or anyother form of information that can exist in a computer-basedenvironment.

Each network computing system 110 and 140 includes a device having acommunication module capable of transmitting and receiving data over thenetwork 105. For example, each network device 110 and 140 can include aserver, desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet computer, a televisionwith one or more processors embedded therein and/or coupled thereto,smart phone, handheld computer, personal digital assistant (“PDA”), orany other wired or wireless, processor-driven device. In the exampleembodiment depicted in FIG. 1, the network devices 110 and 140 areoperated by end-users or consumers and payment processing systemoperators, respectively.

The user 101 can use a communication application module 112, which maybe, for example, a web browser application or a stand-alone application,to view, download, upload, or otherwise access documents or web pagesvia the distributed network 105. The user computing device 110 mayemploy the communication module 112 to communicate with the paymentprocessing system 140 or other servers. The communication module 112 mayallow devices to communicate via technologies other than the network105. Examples might include a cellular network, radio network, or othercommunication network.

The user computing device 110 may include a digital wallet applicationmodule 111. The digital wallet application module 111 may encompass anyapplication, hardware, software, or process the user computing device110 may employ to assist the user 101 in completing a purchase. Thedigital wallet application module 111 can interact with thecommunication application 112 or can be embodied as a companionapplication of the communication application 112. As a companionapplication, the digital wallet application module 111 executes withinthe communication application 112. That is, the digital walletapplication module 111 may be an application program embedded in thecommunication application 112.

The user computing device 110 may include an authentication application115. The authentication application 115 may employ a software interfacefor configuration and operation by the user 101. The authenticationapplication 115 may be associated with a secure element on the usercomputing device 110, or otherwise operate directly on the operatingsystem of the user computing device 110. In certain embodiments, thefunctions of the authentication application 115 are performed by theoperating system of the user computing device 110 or by another suitableapplication.

The authentication application 115 may be used to receive inputs ofauthentication data and determine if the user 101 is authenticated forperforming a particular action with the user computing device 110. Anyof the functions described in the specification as being performed bythe authentication application 115 can be performed by the paymentprocessing system 140, the user computing device 110, the digital walletapplication module 111, or any other suitable hardware or softwaresystem or application.

The user computing device 110 includes a data storage unit 113accessible by the authentication application 115, the web browserapplication 112, or any suitable computing device or application. Theexemplary data storage unit 113 can include one or more tangiblecomputer-readable media. The data storage unit 113 can be stored on theuser computing device 110 or can be logically coupled to the usercomputing device 110. For example, the data storage unit 113 can includeon-board flash memory and/or one or more removable memory cards orremovable flash memory.

The user computing device 110 includes a camera module 114. The cameramodule 114 may be any module or function of the user computing device110 that obtains a digital image. The camera module 114 may be onboardthe user computing device 110 or in any manner logically connected tothe user computing device 110. The camera 114 may be capable ofobtaining individual images or a video scan. Any other suitable imagecapturing device may be represented by the camera 114.

The user computing device 110 may include user applications 116. Theuser applications 116 may be contact applications, email applications,or any applications that may require authentication of the user 101.

The user computing device 110 includes a capacitance module 117. Thecapacitance module 117 may be any module or function of the usercomputing device 110 that obtains a capacitance of the user 101. Thecapacitance module 117 may be onboard the user computing device 110 orin any manner logically connected to the user computing device 110. Anyother suitable capacitance capturing device may be represented by thecapacitance module 112.

The payment processing system 140 includes a data storage unit 147accessible by the web server 144. The example data storage unit 147 caninclude one or more tangible computer-readable storage devices. Thepayment processing system 140 is operable to conduct payments between auser 101 and a merchant system (not pictured). The payment processingsystem 140 is further operable to manage a payment account of a user101, maintain a database to store transactions of the merchant systemand the user 101, verify transactions, and other suitable functions.Functions of the authentication application 115 may be performed by thepayment processing system 140. The payment processing system 140 maymanage or participate in the authentication process to preventfraudulent usage of the financial accounts associated with the usercomputing device 110.

The user 101 may use a web server 144 on the payment processing system140 to view, register, download, upload, or otherwise access the paymentprocessing system 140 via a website (not illustrated) and acommunication network 105. The user 101 associates one or moreregistered financial card accounts, including bank account debit cards,credit cards, gift cards, loyalty cards, coupons, offers, prepaidoffers, store rewards cards, or other type of financial account that canbe used to make a purchase or redeem value-added services with a paymentaccount of the user 101.

The payment processing system 140 represents any system thatparticipates in the authentication of the user 101 for the purposes ofsecurity or for other reasons. The payment processing system 140 desiresfor the user 101 to be the authentic user 102 to minimize a number offraudulent financial transactions. Other systems may desire for the user101 to be the authentic user 101 to prevent unauthorized emails, texts,Internet uploads, data extractions, or any other fraudulent actions.

It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplaryand other means of establishing a communications link between thecomputers and devices can be used. Additionally, those having ordinaryskill in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure willappreciate that the user computing device 110 and payment processingsystem 140 illustrated in FIG. 1 can have any of several other suitablecomputer system configurations. For example, a user computing device 110embodied as a mobile phone or handheld computer may not include all thecomponents described above.

In example embodiments, the network computing devices and any othercomputing machines associated with the technology presented herein maybe any type of computing machine such as, but not limited to, thosediscussed in more detail with respect to FIG. 7. Furthermore, anymodules associated with any of these computing machines, such as modulesdescribed herein or any other modules (scripts, web content, software,firmware, or hardware) associated with the technology presented hereinmay by any of the modules discussed in more detail with respect to FIG.7. The computing machines discussed herein may communicate with oneanother as well as other computer machines or communication systems overone or more networks, such as network 105. The network 105 may includeany type of data or communications network, including any of the networktechnology discussed with respect to FIG. 7.

Example Processes

The example methods illustrated in FIGS. 2-6 are described hereinafterwith respect to the components of the example operating environment 100.The example methods of FIGS. 2-6 may also be performed with othersystems and in other environments.

FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram depicting a method 200 for usingauthentication technologies to authenticate users 101, in accordancewith certain exemplary embodiments.

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, in block 205 a user 101 installs andconfigures an authentication application 115. The authenticationapplication 115 may be installed on the user computing device 110 at thetime of manufacturing, when sold to the user 101, as part securityoffering, at the time of an operating system upgrade, or at any suitabletime. In an example, the authentication application 115 may bedownloaded from a system associated with the user computing device 110,such as the payment processing system 140, the manufacturing system ofthe user computing device 110, or any suitable system. In anotherexample, the authentication application 115 may be downloaded from asystem associated with another application on the user computing device,such as a digital wallet application module 111. Any of the functionsdescribed in the specification as being performed by the authenticationapplication 115 can be performed by the payment processing system 140,the user computing device 110, the digital wallet application module111, or any other suitable hardware or software system or application.

In block 210, the authentication application 115 determines theauthentication technologies available on the user computing device 110.In an example, the authentication application 115 accesses the operatingsystem on the user computing device 110 and identifies authenticationtechnologies on the user computing device 110, such as the camera module114, the capacitance module 117, the accelerometer (not pictured), thegyroscope (not pictured), or other authentication technologies. A listof authentication technologies and other capabilities of the usercomputing device 110 may be provided by the operating system on the usercomputing device 110 to the authentication application 115.

In block 215, the authentication application 115 receives userauthorization for utilizing authentication technology. Theauthentication application 115 may access the list of authenticationtechnologies available on the user computing device 110 and provide thelist to the user 101 via user interface of the user computing device110. The user 101 may select one or more of the authenticationtechnologies to enable for authentication purposes by actuating acontrol on the user interface associated with each authenticationtechnology. For example, the user 101 may select a virtual controlobject labeled “enable” associated with the capacitance module. Theauthentication application 115 may provide an option for the reader toclick a link or other function that provides an explanation to the user101 of the manner in which the authentication technology operates andthe measurements or actions that are logged by the authenticationtechnology. In another example, the user computing device 110 provides asingle authentication technology to the user 101 at a time. Eachauthentication technology is enabled or disabled by the user 101 beforethe next authentication technology is presented.

In block 220, the authentication application 115 receives anauthorization input from the user 101. The user 101 provides anauthentication to the user computing device 110, such as a password, apersonal identification number (“PIN”) or other configuredauthentication information. The authorization input may be provided bythe user 101 when the user 101 activates the user computing device 110.The activation may be the first activation on the current day, the firstactivation after a certain amount of time of inactivity, or a firstactivation based on any other schedule or configuration. In certainembodiments, the first activation may not utilize any of theauthentication technologies, but requires an input of data from the user101, such as a PIN. In alternate embodiments, the first activation mayutilize one or more of the authentication technologies in conjunctionwith an input of data from the user 101. Any combination of user input,authentication technologies, or other authorization techniques may beemployed in the first authorization.

Upon receiving the input of the user 101, the authentication application115 allows the user 101 to access the authorized functions of the usercomputing device 110. The authentication application 115 compares theinput of the user 101 to a configured authorization database associatedwith the user 101. For example, the authentication application 115accesses a stored PIN of the user 101 and compares the input of the user101 with the stored PIN. If the PINs match, then the user 101 isdetermined to be authorized.

In block 225, the authentication application 115 receives an initialinput of an authentication technology. In the example, after the user101 authorized the use of an authentication technology, theauthentication application 115 provides a request to the operatingsystem of the user computing device 110 to initiate the authenticationtechnology. For example, the authentication application 115 provides arequest to the operating system of the user computing device 110 toinitiate a capacitance module 117.

The request may include instructions to take an initial measurement ofthe user 101 or otherwise log the appropriate data. For example, thecapacitance module 117 may be prompted by the user computing device 110to obtain a capacitance measurement of the user 101. In the example, thecapacitance module 117 is initiated and begins a process to guide a user101 through the measurement process. The method for a capacitance module117 to obtain a measurement from a user 101 is described in greaterdetail in the method 500 of FIG. 5.

After obtaining a measurement or other data, the authenticationtechnology communicates the input to the authentication application 115.The data may be communicated via the operating system of the usercomputing device 110.

In block 230, the authentication application 115 receives the input andstores the input in a database associated with the user 101. The inputmay be stored in the data storage unit 113, in a cloud computingenvironment, or in any suitable location. The input may be associatedwith the particular authentication technology that provides the input.The input may be configured by the authentication application 115 to bethe preferred input from an authentication technology to authorize auser 101.

In block 235, the authentication application 115 session times out. Inan example, the user 101 closes the active session of a user computingdevice 110. The user 101 may close the session by logging out of thesession, turning off the user computing device 110, putting the usercomputing device 110 in an inactive mode, or performing any othersuitable action. In another example, the user computing device 110 orthe authentication application 115 close the active sessionautomatically. For example, the user computing device 110 enters aninactive mode after a configured period of time has elapsed with no user101 interaction. In another example, the authentication application 115is configured to close an active session and require a userauthorization after a configured period of time has elapsed. After anactive session has ended, the user 101 is prevented from accessing oneor more of the functions of the user computing device 110. In thisstate, the authentication application 115 requires a new authorizationfrom the user 101.

In block 240, the authentication application 115 receives in activationof the user computing device 110. For example, the user 101 initiates aninactive user computing device 110 and request access to one or moreapplications. The user 101 may initiate a user session by actuating areal or virtual button to activate the user computing device 110. As theprevious active session has timed out, the user 101 is unable to accessone or more functions of the user computing device 110.

In block 245, the authentication application 115 receives an input ofone or more of the authentication technologies. The authenticationtechnologies are requested to provide an input of the authorizationstate of the user 101 to the authentication application 115. Therequests may be communicated via the operating system of the usercomputing device 110.

The authentication technologies may receive the request and initiate aprocess to obtain a user authentication. In an example, a capacitancemodule 110 provides instructions to the user 101 to perform the actionsrequired to obtain a current capacitance of the user 101. An example ofthe actions required is described in greater detail in the method 500 ofFIG. 5. Each of the one or more authentication technologies may providean input of the user authorization. In certain examples, one or more ofthe authentication technologies may be unable to provide an input.

In block 250, the authentication application 115 compares the input ofthe authentication technology with the stored input from the initialinput of the authentication technology to determine if the user 101 isauthenticated. The authentication application 115 accesses the databaseassociated with the user 101 and extracts the initial input from theauthentication technology. The current input is compared to the initialinput to determine if a match exists. In certain examples, the match isnot required to be an exact match. A margin of error between the inputsmay allowed based the configuration of the authentication application115. In an example, the capacitance of the user 101 may vary throughoutthe day or from one day to the next. If the capacitance of user 101 isnot exactly the same as the initial input of the capacitance of the user101, the inputs will still be considered a match if the inputs arewithin a configured range of each other.

In an example, a configured number of authentication technology inputsmust provide matching results for the user 101 to be authenticated. Forexample, three out of five authentication technologies may be requiredto authenticate the user 101. In another example, one or more of theauthentication technologies alone may configured to provide anauthentication of the user 101. For example, a fingerprint scanningauthentication technology may provide and authentication of the user 101even if no other authentication technology inputs provide a match.

If the user 101 is authenticated, then the authentication application115 and/or the user computing device 110 allows the user 101 access tothe desired functions of the user computing device 110. For example, ifthe user 101 desires access to the digital wallet application module 111and provides the appropriate authentication, then access to the digitalwallet application module 111 is provided to the user 101. The user 101may then utilize the digital wallet application module 111 to conducttransactions or perform other functions.

FIG. 3 is a block flow diagram depicting methods 200 for authenticatingusers 101 based on user handling of the user computing device 101, inaccordance with certain example embodiments.

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, in block 305 the authenticationapplication 115 receives user authorization of user handlingauthentication technology. The user 101 may select the user handlingauthentication technology for enablement for authentication purposes byactuating a control on the user interface associated with user handlingauthentication technology. For example, the user 101 may select avirtual control object labeled “enable” associated with the userhandling authentication technology. The authentication application 115may provide an option for the reader to click a link or other functionthat provides an explanation to the user 101 of the manner in which theuser handling authentication technology operates and the measurements oractions that are logged by the user handling authentication technology.

In block 220, the authentication application 115 receives theauthorization input from the user 101. Block 220 is described in greaterdetail with respect to block 220 of FIG. 2.

In block 325, the authentication application 115 receives an initialinput of handling of the user computing device 110 by the user 101.

In the example, after the user 101 authorized the use of anauthentication technology, the authentication application 115 provides arequest to the operating system of the user computing device 110 toinitiate the authentication technology. For example, the authenticationapplication 115 provides a request to the operating system of the usercomputing device 110 to initiate a log of user 101 interaction with theuser computing device 110 via an accelerometer and/or a gyroscope. Theseand other suitable hardware or software suitable to logging userhandling of the user computing device 110 will be collectively referredto as “handling technology.” The management of the handling technology,and thus the communication with the authentication application 115, maybe performed by a specific application, by the authenticationapplication 115, by the user computing device operating system, or byany suitable hardware or software.

The request may include instructions to the handling technology to takean initial measurement of the user 101 or otherwise log the appropriatedata. For example, the handling technology may be prompted by the usercomputing device 110 to log characteristics of the user handling.

In an example, the handling technology is initiated and begins a processof characterizing the manner that the user 101 handles the usercomputing device 110. In an example, the handling technology maydetermine, based on the manner in which the user 101 typically holds theuser computing device 110, whether the user 101 typically holds the usercomputing device 110 in the right or left hand. The handling technologymay access a database that stores the tilt of the user computing deviceof right or left handed people. If the tilt of the user computing device110 matches, or nearly matches, the tilt of left handed people, then thehandling technology may determine the user 101 is likely left handed. Inanother example, the handling technology may determine that the angle ofthe contact of a finger of a user 101 with a touchscreen of the usercomputing device 110 may match the angle of contact of people that areleft handed. Any other aspect of the handling of the user computingdevice 110 that matches the use by an identifiable group of people maybe used to further identify the user 101 for authentication.

In another example, the handling technology may determine that the user101 holds the user computing device 110 at a particular angle. The anglethat the user 101 holds the device may be indicative of whether a user101 often accesses the user computing device 110 while sitting. Theangle that the user 101 holds the device may be indicative of a user 101that often accesses the user computing device 110 while walking. Theangle that the user 101 holds the user computing device 110 may beindicative of a user 101 that wears bi-focal glasses and changes theangle of the user computing device 110 to allow easier reading. Thehandling technology stores the angle that the user 101 holds the usercomputing device 110 while reading, while typing, while playing games,or performing any other suitable tasks. The angle may be determined by agyroscope embedded in the user computing device 110 or by any othersuitable hardware or software. The handling technology may log the anglethat the user 101 employs for a given time period, such as one day. Inan example, the handling technology may identify the angle that the user101 employs for the longest time period during a given day, or thehandling technology may identify multiple angles that the user 101employs. Any suitable characterization or quantifying of the angle thatthe user 101 employs may be logged and stored.

In another example, the handling technology may determine that the user101 often accesses the user computing device 110 while travelling in avehicle, such as a bus or a plane. In another example, the handlingtechnology may determine that the user 101 has not moved the usercomputing device 110 from a particular area since the last userauthorization. The handling technology may identify the movement of theuser 101 based on the accelerometer, a global positioning system (“GPS”)technology, or any suitable hardware or software. The handlingtechnology may log the movements of the user 101 and compare themovements to a database of stored movements to determine if themovements match a particular pattern of travel. For example, a bus maymove in a particular pattern, such as following a standard route andmaking frequent stops. Any other suitable user handling data may belogged and compiled by the handling technology.

After logging one or more measurements or other data, the handlingtechnology communicates an input of the logged data to theauthentication application 115.

From block 325, the method 300 proceeds to block 230. Blocks 230 through240 are substantially similar to blocks 230 through 240 as described inFIG. 2. From block 240, the method 300 proceeds to block 345.

In block 345, the authentication application 115 receives the input ofthe handling technology of the user computing device 110. After the user101 attempts to activate the inactive user computing device 110 or oneor more inactive applications, the handling technology is requested toprovide an input of the handling of the user 101 to the authenticationapplication 115. The request may be communicated via the operatingsystem of the user computing device 110.

The handling technology may receive the request and initiate a processto obtain a user authentication. In an example, the handling technologylogs the current actions of the user 101 to determine the manner of thehandling of the user computing device 110 by the user 101. Any of themanners of handling the user computing device 110 as described in block325, or other manners, may be logged by the handling technology. Thedata logged by the handling technology is communicated to theauthentication application 115.

In block 350, the authentication application 115 compares the input ofthe handling of the user computing device 110 with the stored input todetermine if the user 101 is authenticated. The authenticationapplication 115 accesses the database associated with the user 101 andextracts the initial input from the handling technology. The currentinput is compared to the initial input to determine if a match exists.In certain examples, a match is not required to be an exact match. Amargin of error between the inputs may be allowed based theconfiguration of the authentication application 115. In an example, theangle of holding of the user computing device 110 may vary throughoutthe day or from one day to the next. If the angle of the user 101 is notexactly the same as the initial input of the angle of the user 101, theinputs will still be considered a match if the inputs are within aconfigured range of each other.

In an example, a configured number of authentication technology inputsmust provide matching results for the user 101 to be authenticated. Forexample, the handling technology may be one of three authenticationtechnologies may be required to authenticate the user 101. In anotherexample, the handling technology alone may configured to provide anauthentication of the user 101. In another example, the handlingtechnology may not produce a match, but the user 101 may still beauthenticated if a one or more other authentication technologies providematching inputs.

If the user 101 is authenticated, then the authentication application115 and/or the user computing device 110 allows the user 101 access tothe desired functions of the user computing device 110. For example, ifthe user 101 desires access to the digital wallet application module 111and provides the appropriate authentication, then access to the digitalwallet application module 111 is provided to the user 101. The user 101may then utilize the digital wallet application module 111 to conducttransactions or perform other functions.

In another embodiment, the handling technology may provide data thatindicates, based on a match between the input and the stored input, thata likelihood exists that the user computing device 110 has not left thepossession of the user 101. For example, if the handling technologyprovides inputs that indicated that the user 101 has utilized the usercomputing device 110 continually at the same angle, then a likelihoodexists that the user 101 is the authenticated user 101. If thelikelihood exists, then the authentication application 115 may extendthe configured amount of time that must elapse before the user computingdevice 110 times out or goes inactive. For example, if the usercomputing device 110 is configured to end a user session after 1 hour,but the handling technology indicates that the user 101 has not lostpossession of the user computing device 110, then the user session maybe extended for an additional hour.

FIG. 4 is a block flow diagram depicting methods for authenticatingusers with a camera module 114, in accordance with certain exampleembodiments.

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, in block 405 the authenticationapplication 115 receives user authorization of camera authentication ofthe user 101. The user 101 may select the camera module 114 forenablement for authentication purposes by actuating a control on theuser interface associated with the camera module 114. For example, theuser 101 may select a virtual control object labeled “enable” associatedwith the camera module 114. The authentication application 115 mayprovide an option for the reader to click a link or other function thatprovides an explanation to the user 101 of the manner in which thecamera module 114 operates and the images that are logged by the cameramodule 114.

In block 220, the authentication application 115 receives theauthorization input from the user 101. Block 220 is described in greaterdetail with respect to block 220 of FIG. 2.

In block 425, the authentication application 115 receives an initialinput from the camera module 114.

In the example, after the user 101 authorized the use of anauthentication technology, the authentication application 115 provides arequest to the operating system of the user computing device 110 toinitiate the authentication technology. For example, the authenticationapplication 115 provides a request to the operating system of the usercomputing device 110 to initiate a camera module 114 to obtain one ormore images. The management of the camera module 114, and thus thecommunication with the authentication application 115, may be performedby a specific application, by the authentication application 115, by theuser computing device operating system, or by any suitable hardware orsoftware.

The request may include instructions to the camera module 114 to take aninitial image of the user 101 or any image to which the camera module114 is directed. For example, the camera module 114 may be prompted bythe user computing device 110 to capture an image as the user 101finishes providing a PIN to initiate a user session. In an example, thecamera module 114 may be directed to display a notice to the user 101that an image is soon to be captured. In another example, the cameramodule 114 requests permission every time an image is to be captured. Inanother example, the camera module 114 notifies the user 101 after animage has been captured. In another example, after the user 101authorizes the authentication application 115 initially, no furtherpermission requests or notifications are provided.

In an example, the camera module 114 is initiated and begins a processto characterize the image. In an example, the authentication application115 receives the image and identifies characteristics of the image bycomparing the image to a database of image characteristics. In anotherexample, an image recognition algorithm is applied to the image andimage characteristics are extracted. Characteristics that may beextracted may include the color of a shirt being worn by the user 101,the facial hair of the user 101, the color of the hair of the user 101,the style of the hair of the user 101, objects in the background of theuser 101, or any suitable characteristic. In another example, a facialrecognition algorithm may be used to characterize and recognize the faceof the user 101.

The characterization of the image and any suitable algorithms may beperformed by any suitable hardware or software, such as the cameramodule 114, the authentication application 115, the operating system onthe user computing device 110, a remote server or system, or any othersuitable hardware or software.

After logging one or more measurements or other data, the camera module114, or other hardware or software, communicates an input of the imagecharacterization to the authentication application 115.

From block 425, the method 400 proceeds to block 230. Blocks 230 through240 are substantially similar to blocks 230 through 240 as described inFIG. 2. From block 240, the method 400 proceeds to block 445.

In block 445, the authentication application 115 receives the input ofthe camera module 114. After the user 101 attempts to activate theinactive user computing device 110 or one or more inactive applications,the camera module 114 is requested to provide an input of an image tothe authentication application 115. The request may be communicated viathe operating system of the user computing device 110.

The camera module 114 may receive the request and initiate a process toobtain a user authentication. In an example, the camera module 114captures an image of the user 101 or any image to which the cameramodule 114 is directed. For example, the camera module 114 may beprompted by the user computing device 110 to capture an image as theuser 101 finishes initiating a user session. In an example, the cameramodule 114 may be directed to display a notice to the user 101 that animage is soon to be captured. In another example, the camera module 114requests permission every time an image is to be captured. In anotherexample, the camera module 114 notifies the user 101 after an image hasbeen captured. In another example, after the user 101 authorizes theauthentication application 115 initially, no further permission requestsor notifications are provided. The data logged by the camera module 114is communicated to the authentication application 115.

In block 450, the authentication application 115 compares the input ofthe image with the stored input to determine if the user 101 isauthenticated. The authentication application 115 accesses the databaseassociated with the user 101 and extracts image characteristics from theprevious input from the camera module 114. Characteristics of thecurrent image are extracted in a similar manner as the characteristicsof the previous image as described in block 425. The characteristics ofthe current image are compared to the characteristics of the previousimage to determine if a match exists of one or more of thecharacteristics. In certain examples, the match is not required to be anexact match. A margin of error between the inputs may be allowed basedthe configuration of the authentication application 115. In an example,the shirt of the user 101 may be the same shirt from the previous image,but a difference in lighting may cause the image of the shirt to appeardifferent. If the color of the shirt of the user 101 is not exactly thesame as the previous image, the inputs will still be considered a matchif the colors in the images are within a configured range of each other.

In an example, a configured number of characteristics in the image arerequired to match for the image to authenticate the user 101. Forexample, the shirt color, the facial hair, and the glasses of a user 101must match for the user 101 to be authenticated. In certain embodiments,the characteristics that match are calculated as a percent likelihoodthat the user is the authenticated user 101. For example, a stored imageidentified five characteristics of the user 101. In the current image,only 4 of the characteristics matched. The authentication application115 may consult a database that provides a likelihood that the user isthe authenticated user 101 based on the characteristics that did match.

In an example, a configured number of authentication technology inputsmust provide matching results for the user 101 to be authenticated. Forexample, the camera module 114 may be one of three authenticationtechnologies may be required to authenticate the user 101. In anotherexample, the camera module 114 alone may configured to provide anauthentication of the user 101. In another example, the camera module114 may not produce a match, but the user 101 may still be authenticatedif a one or more other authentication technologies provide matchinginputs.

If the user 101 is authenticated, then the authentication application115 and/or the user computing device 110 allows the user 101 access tothe desired functions of the user computing device 110. For example, ifthe user 101 desires access to the digital wallet application module 111and the authentication technologies provide the appropriateauthentication, then access to the digital wallet application module 111is provided to the user 101. The user 101 may then utilize the digitalwallet application module 111 to conduct transactions or perform otherfunctions.

FIG. 5 is a block flow diagram depicting methods 500 for authenticatingusers 101 with a capacitance module 117, in accordance with certainexample embodiments.

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, in block 505 the authenticationapplication 115 receives user authorization of the capacitanceauthentication of the user computing device 110. The user 101 may selectthe capacitance module 117 for enablement for authentication purposes byactuating a control on the user interface associated with thecapacitance module 117. For example, the user 101 may select a virtualcontrol object labeled “enable” associated with the capacitance module117. The authentication application 115 may provide an option for thereader to click a link or other function that provides an explanation tothe user 101 of the manner in which the capacitance module 117 operatesand the data that is logged by the user capacitance module 117.

In block 220, the authentication application 115 receives theauthorization input from the user 101. Block 220 is described in greaterdetail with respect to block 220 of FIG. 2.

In block 525, the authentication application 115 receives an initialinput from the capacitance module 117.

In the example, after the user 101 authorized the use of the capacitancemodule 117, the authentication application 115 provides a request to theoperating system of the user computing device 110 to initiate thecapacitance module 117. For example, the authentication application 115provides a request to the operating system of the user computing device110 to initiate a capacitance module 117 to obtain a capacitance of theuser 101. The management of the capacitance module 117, and thus thecommunication with the authentication application 115, may be performedby a specific application, by the authentication application 115, by theuser computing device operating system, or by any suitable hardware orsoftware.

The request may include instructions to the capacitance module 117 totake an initial capacitance of the user 101 or any other electricalproperty of which the capacitance module 117 is capable of detecting.For example, the camera module 114 may be prompted by the user computingdevice 110 to capture a capacitance as the user 101 finishes providing aPIN to initiate a user session.

In an example, the capacitance module 117 may be directed to display anotice to the user 101 that a capacitance is soon to be captured. Incertain embodiments, the user 101 must be directed by the user computingdevice 110 to place two fingers on sensors on the user computing device110. The user 101 may be requested to place two fingers of the same handon the sensors or two fingers on different hands. The capacitance of auser 101 may vary based on the body parts placed on the sensor. Forexample, two fingers on the same hand may have a different capacitancereading than two fingers from different hands. Any other body part, suchas a palm may be requested. In certain embodiments, or for certainelectrical property measurements, any other suitable procedures may berequested of the user 101. In another example, the capacitance module117 requests permission every time capacitance is to be captured.

In another example, the capacitance module 117 notifies the user 101after a capacitance has been captured. In certain embodiments, thecapacitance or other electrical property of the user 101, is capturedwithout a specific action of the user. That is, the capacitance may becaptured while the user 101 is merely holding the user computing device110. In another example, after the user 101 authorizes theauthentication application 115 initially, no further permission requestsor notifications are provided.

In an example, the capacitance module 117 is initiated and begins aprocess of capturing a capacitance of the user 101. In an example, theauthentication application 115 receives and logs the capacitance fromthe capacitance module 117. In another example, other electricalproperties of the user 101 may be received, calculated, or inferred.

From block 525, the method 500 proceeds to block 230. Blocks 230 through240 are substantially similar to blocks 230 through 240 as described inFIG. 2. From block 240, the method 500 proceeds to block 545.

In block 545, the authentication application 115 receives the input ofthe capacitance module 117. After the user 101 attempts to activate theinactive user computing device 110 or one or more inactive applications,the capacitance module 117 is requested to provide a capacitancemeasurement to the authentication application 115. The request may becommunicated via the operating system of the user computing device 110.

The capacitance module 117 may receive the request and initiate aprocess to obtain a user capacitance. For example, the capacitancemodule 114 may be prompted by the user computing device 110 to capture acapacitance after the user 101 finishes initiating a user session. In anexample, the capacitance module 117 may be directed to display a noticeto the user 101 that a capacitance measurement is requested toauthenticate the user 101. In another example, the capacitance module117 requests permission every time a capacitance is to be captured. Inanother example, the capacitance module 117 notifies the user 101 aftera capacitance has been captured. In this instance, the capacitancemodule 117 may obtain a capacitance measurement without the user 101performing any specific action, such as placing fingers on the sensors.In another example, after the user 101 authorizes the authenticationapplication 115 initially, no further permission requests ornotifications are provided. The data logged by the capacitance module117 is communicated to the authentication application 115.

In block 550, the authentication application 115 compares the input ofthe capacitance with the stored input to determine if the user 101 isauthenticated. The authentication application 115 accesses the databaseassociated with the user 101 and extracts capacitance from the previousinput from the capacitance module 117. The capacitance is compared tothe stored capacitance to determine if a match exists. In certainexamples, the match is not required to be an exact match. A margin oferror between the inputs may be allowed based the configuration of theauthentication application 115. In an example, the capacitance may besimilar, but not exactly the same as the stored capacitance. Forexample, the capacitance of a user 101 may vary based on factors such asthe time of day, atmospheric conditions, the presence of outsidesubstances on the hands of the user 101 or on the sensors, or any otherfactors. If the capacitance of the user 101 is not exactly the same asthe stored capacitance, the inputs will still be considered a match ifthe capacitances are within a configured range of each other.

In an example, a configured number of authentication technology inputsmust provide matching results for the user 101 to be authenticated. Forexample, the capacitance module 117 may be one of three authenticationtechnologies may be required to authenticate the user 101. In anotherexample, the capacitance module 117 alone may configured to provide anauthentication of the user 101. In another example, the capacitancemodule 117 may not produce a match, but the user 101 may still beauthenticated if a one or more other authentication technologies providematching inputs.

If the user 101 is authenticated, then the authentication application115 and/or the user computing device 110 allows the user 101 access tothe desired functions of the user computing device 110. For example, ifthe user 101 desires access to the digital wallet application module 111and provides the appropriate authentication, then access to the digitalwallet application module 111 is provided to the user 101. The user 101may then utilize the digital wallet application module 111 to conducttransactions or perform other functions.

In alternate embodiments, other authentication technologies may beutilized. For example, the user computing device 110 may utilize themanner in which the user 101 types or swipes on a user interface of theuser computing device 110 to authenticate a user 101. For example, theuser computing device 110 may log the speed with which a user 101 typesand the amount of pressure the user 101 applies to the user interface toinput data. In another example, the user computing device 110 may logthe direction, speed, pressure, and other aspects associated with aswipe of a user 101.

In a similar manner to the methods described in FIGS. 2-5, theauthentication application 115 logs the user swiping and typingpatterns, stores the patterns in a database, receives new patterns whena user computing device 110 is initiated after a user session ends,compares the patterns, and authenticates the user 101 if the patternsmatch.

In alternate embodiments, the user computing device 110 may utilize thechemical composition of the body of the user 101 to authenticate a user101. For example, the user computing device 110 may detect an odorassociated with a user 101. For example, if a user 101 wears aparticular cologne or hand cream, the user computing device may detectthe odor and associate the odor with the user 101.

In a similar manner to the methods described in FIGS. 2-5, theauthentication application 115 logs the odor or other chemicaldetection, stores the odor in a database, receives a new odor when auser computing device 110 is initiated after a user session ends,compares the odors, and authenticates the user 101 if the odors match.

In alternate embodiments, the user computing device 110 may utilize thevoice pattern of the user 101 to authenticate a user 101. For example,the user computing device 110 may detect a voice pattern of a user 101when the user 101 speaks around the user computing device 110. The voicemay be detected by a microphone or other input technology of the usercomputing device 110. The user computing device 110 may detect the voicepatterns of the user 101 while the user 101 is speaking but not activelyengaged with the user computing device 110. For example, the usercomputing device 110 may detect the voice patterns of the user 101 whilethe user 101 is talking to a co-worker in the background whileinitiating the user computing device 110. In another example, the user101 speaks in to the microphone of the user computing device 110 whenrequested by the user computing device 110.

In a similar manner to the methods described in FIGS. 2-5, theauthentication application 115 logs the user voice patterns, stores thepatterns in a database, receives new patterns when a user computingdevice 110 is initiated after a user session ends, compares thepatterns, and authenticates the user 101 if the patterns match.

FIG. 6 is a block flow diagram depicting methods 600 for authorizingusers 101 based on authentication results.

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 6, in block 605, the authenticationapplication 115 compares an input of authentication technology with astored input to determine if a user 101 is authenticated. The method 600for comparison is performed in a similar manner, and using similarauthentication technologies, to the methods described in FIGS. 2-5. Thecomparison produces a list of authentication technologies and therelated results of each authentication technology. For example, if thecapacitance module 117 produces a match for a current authenticationresult and a stored capacitance for a user 101, then the match isidentified as a positive authentication state of the user 101.

In another example, the camera module 114 may produce more than oneauthentication match. For example, the color of the shirt of the usermay be a match, but a facial recognition algorithm may fail to produce amatch. In certain examples, the multiple authentication results from anauthentication technology may be averaged, summed, or have anymathematical or other manipulation performed on the results to produce auseful result. For example, the camera module 114 may have a weightedaverage of the results produced. The weighted average may be representedas a percentage, such as a 50% match, a letter grade, or any suitableresult designation. Certain results from a single authenticationtechnology may be given more weight than others. For example, in thecamera module 114 example, a facial recognition algorithm result may beweighted more heavily than a shirt color recognition.

In block 610, the authentication application 115 calculates a userauthorization rating based on one or more authentication technologyinputs. The authentication application 115 may determine anauthentication state for each authentication technology input and usethe authentication states to calculate the user authorization rating. Inan example, the authentication application 115 may determine that thecapacitance module 117 produced a match with the stored input, thecamera module 114 produced a match for the shirt color and the facialhair, the handling technology produced a match for the angle of the usercomputing device 110, but the voice recognition did not produce a matchfor the user 101. In this example, a 100% match of the authenticationtechnologies was not produced.

The authorization application 115 may produce a user authorizationrating based on the results of authentication technology inputs. Theuser authorization rating may be a letter grade, such as a “B,” apercentage such as 75%, a label, such as “Likely to be the User,” or anyother rating format. The rating may be based on the average or weightedaverages of the results as described above in block 605, a comparison ofthe results to a database of user ratings, or in any suitable manner.

In block 615, the authentication application 115 compares the userauthorization rating to a database of authorization ratings to determineuser access. In an example, the authentication application 115determines that a user 101 has a rating of “A” based on theauthentication technology inputs. The authentication application 115accesses the database and determines that with an A rating, the user 101is allowed access to all applications, modules, and other hardware andsoftware on the user computing device 110.

The database may be a database that applies to all user computingdevices 110 or a group of user computing devices 110. For example, thedatabase may apply to all users 101 of a particular model of smartphone,or to all users 101 of a particular cellular provider. In anotherexample, the database may be customized for the user 101 based on inputfrom the user 101, input from a payment processing system 140, based onthe history of the user 101 on the user computing device 110, or anyother suitable factor. The database may be stored on the user computingdevice 110, the data storage unit 113, the payment processing system140, or in any other suitable location.

In another example, the authentication application 115 determines that auser 101 has a rating of 50% based on the authentication technologyinputs. The authentication application 115 thus allows the user 101access to a group of applications, but withholds access from the digitalwallet application module 111. The allowed applications may be directedtoward functions that are not deemed by the authentication application115 to be security risks. For example, the user 101 may be allowedaccess to the camera module 114, a contact list application, and one ormore games.

In another example, if 5 out of 6 authentication technologies indicatethat the user 101 is the authorized user 101, then the database mayprovide a recommendation to the authentication application 115 to allowfull access to the user 101. If only 2 out of 5 authenticationtechnologies indicate that the user 101 is the authorized user 101, thenthe database may provide a recommendation to the authenticationapplication 115 to allow the user 101 to access the user computingdevice 110, but withhold any secure data or applications that areconfigured as secure applications.

In certain examples, based on the comparison with the database, theauthentication application 115 may allow any percentage of applicationsor programs on the user computing device 110 to be accessed, such as 10%of the applications, 50% of the applications, all of the applications,or none of the applications.

The rating may be classified as an authentication state. For example,the authentication state may be a positive authentication state, such as“authorized” or a negative authentication state, such as “notauthorized.”

In block 620, the authentication application 115 allows access to thedetermined applications. In an example, the authentication application115 may limit access to one or more applications by communicating theauthentication status of the user 101 to the operating system of theuser computing device 110. The authentication application 115 maycommunicate a list of applications to which the user 101 is to beallowed access and/or a list of applications from which the access ofthe user 101 is restricted. The operating system of the user computingdevice 110, allows the user 101 access to the allowed applications andprevents the user 101 from accessing the applications that are notallowed. In an example, the operating system of the user computingdevice 110 provides instructions to the restricted applications thatprevent the applications from opening or initiating certain features ofthe applications.

In an alternate embodiment, the authentication application 115 providesthe user rating to one or more applications. The applications, orsystems associated with the applications, determine if the user 101 isallowed access to one or more of the functions of the application. Theuser rating may be provided to an application on the user computingdevice 110 or to a remote system associated with the application.

In an example, the authentication application 115 provides the userrating to the payment processing system 140 that is associated with thedigital wallet application module 111. The payment processing system 140may access a database that provides the features of the digital walletapplication module 111 that the user 101 may access based on the userrating. The payment processing system 140 may communicate the allowedfeatures to the digital wallet application module 111 on the usercomputing device 110. In another example, the payment processing system140 prevents the digital wallet application module 111 from conductingany transactions or performing any other unauthorized functions on theaccount of the user 101.

In another example, the authentication application 115 provides the userrating to an email system server that is associated with an emailapplication on the user computing device. The email system server mayaccess a database to determine the features of the email system that theuser 101 may access based on the user rating. For example, based on theuser rating of “C,” the email system server may allow the user 101 toaccess the first 10 emails on the email account of the user 101, but notallow the user 101 to send or receive subsequent emails. In anotherexample, based on an “A” rating, the email system server may allow theuser 101 to access all of the features of the email system and send andreceive emails.

In block 625, in certain embodiments, the user 101 may override theauthentication application 115 authentication state by inputting apassword, PIN, or other manual authentication input. The manualauthentication input may be entered into a user interface of the usercomputing device 110. The manual authentication input opens a new usersession and does not depend on the authentication technology inputs.

Other Example Embodiments

FIG. 7 depicts a computing machine 2000 and a module 2050 in accordancewith certain example embodiments. The computing machine 2000 maycorrespond to any of the various computers, servers, mobile devices,embedded systems, or computing systems presented herein. The module 2050may comprise one or more hardware or software elements configured tofacilitate the computing machine 2000 in performing the various methodsand processing functions presented herein. The computing machine 2000may include various internal or attached components such as a processor2010, system bus 2020, system memory 2030, storage media 2040,input/output interface 2060, and a network interface 2070 forcommunicating with a network 2080.

The computing machine 2000 may be implemented as a conventional computersystem, an embedded controller, a laptop, a server, a mobile device, asmartphone, a set-top box, a kiosk, a vehicular information system, onemore processors associated with a television, a customized machine, anyother hardware platform, or any combination or multiplicity thereof. Thecomputing machine 2000 may be a distributed system configured tofunction using multiple computing machines interconnected via a datanetwork or bus system.

The processor 2010 may be configured to execute code or instructions toperform the operations and functionality described herein, managerequest flow and address mappings, and to perform calculations andgenerate commands. The processor 2010 may be configured to monitor andcontrol the operation of the components in the computing machine 2000.The processor 2010 may be a general purpose processor, a processor core,a multiprocessor, a reconfigurable processor, a microcontroller, adigital signal processor (“DSP”), an application specific integratedcircuit (“ASIC”), a graphics processing unit (“GPU”), a fieldprogrammable gate array (“FPGA”), a programmable logic device (“PLD”), acontroller, a state machine, gated logic, discrete hardware components,any other processing unit, or any combination or multiplicity thereof.The processor 2010 may be a single processing unit, multiple processingunits, a single processing core, multiple processing cores, specialpurpose processing cores, co-processors, or any combination thereof.According to certain example embodiments, the processor 2010 along withother components of the computing machine 2000 may be a virtualizedcomputing machine executing within one or more other computing machines.

The system memory 2030 may include non-volatile memories such asread-only memory (“ROM”), programmable read-only memory (“PROM”),erasable programmable read-only memory (“EPROM”), flash memory, or anyother device capable of storing program instructions or data with orwithout applied power. The system memory 2030 may also include volatilememories such as random access memory (“RAM”), static random accessmemory (“SRAM”), dynamic random access memory (“DRAM”), and synchronousdynamic random access memory (“SDRAM”). Other types of RAM also may beused to implement the system memory 2030. The system memory 2030 may beimplemented using a single memory module or multiple memory modules.While the system memory 2030 is depicted as being part of the computingmachine 2000, one skilled in the art will recognize that the systemmemory 2030 may be separate from the computing machine 2000 withoutdeparting from the scope of the subject technology. It should also beappreciated that the system memory 2030 may include, or operate inconjunction with, a non-volatile storage device such as the storagemedia 2040.

The storage media 2040 may include a hard disk, a floppy disk, a compactdisc read only memory (“CD-ROM”), a digital versatile disc (“DVD”), aBlu-ray disc, a magnetic tape, a flash memory, other non-volatile memorydevice, a solid state drive (“SSD”), any magnetic storage device, anyoptical storage device, any electrical storage device, any semiconductorstorage device, any physical-based storage device, any other datastorage device, or any combination or multiplicity thereof. The storagemedia 2040 may store one or more operating systems, application programsand program modules such as module 2050, data, or any other information.The storage media 2040 may be part of, or connected to, the computingmachine 2000. The storage media 2040 may also be part of one or moreother computing machines that arc in communication with the computingmachine 2000 such as servers, database servers, cloud storage, networkattached storage, and so forth.

The module 2050 may comprise one or more hardware or software elementsconfigured to facilitate the computing machine 2000 with performing thevarious methods and processing functions presented herein. The module2050 may include one or more sequences of instructions stored assoftware or firmware in association with the system memory 2030, thestorage media 2040, or both. The storage media 2040 may thereforerepresent examples of machine or computer readable media on whichinstructions or code may be stored for execution by the processor 2010.Machine or computer readable media may generally refer to any medium ormedia used to provide instructions to the processor 2010. Such machineor computer readable media associated with the module 2050 may comprisea computer software product. It should be appreciated that a computersoftware product comprising the module 2050 may also be associated withone or more processes or methods for delivering the module 2050 to thecomputing machine 2000 via the network 2080, any signal-bearing medium,or any other communication or delivery technology. The module 2050 mayalso comprise hardware circuits or information for configuring hardwarecircuits such as microcode or configuration information for an FPGA orother PLD.

The input/output (“I/O”) interface 2060 may be configured to couple toone or more external devices, to receive data from the one or moreexternal devices, and to send data to the one or more external devices.Such external devices along with the various internal devices may alsobe known as peripheral devices. The I/O interface 2060 may include bothelectrical and physical connections for operably coupling the variousperipheral devices to the computing machine 2000 or the processor 2010.The I/O interface 2060 may be configured to communicate data, addresses,and control signals between the peripheral devices, the computingmachine 2000, or the processor 2010. The I/O interface 2060 may beconfigured to implement any standard interface, such as small computersystem interface (“SCSI”), serial-attached SCSI (“SAS”), fiber channel,peripheral component interconnect (“PCI”), PCI express (PCIe), serialbus, parallel bus, advanced technology attached (“ATA”), serial ATA(“SATA”), universal serial bus (“USB”), Thunderbolt, FireWire, variousvideo buses, and the like. The I/O interface 2060 may be configured toimplement only one interface or bus technology. Alternatively, the I/Ointerface 2060 may be configured to implement multiple interfaces or bustechnologies. The I/O interface 2060 may be configured as part of, allof, or to operate in conjunction with, the system bus 2020. The I/Ointerface 2060 may include one or more buffers for bufferingtransmissions between one or more external devices, internal devices,the computing machine 2000, or the processor 2010.

The I/O interface 2060 may couple the computing machine 2000 to variousinput devices including mice, touch-screens, scanners, electronicdigitizers, sensors, receivers, touchpads, trackballs, cameras,microphones, keyboards, any other pointing devices, or any combinationsthereof. The I/O interface 2060 may couple the computing machine 2000 tovarious output devices including video displays, speakers, printers,projectors, tactile feedback devices, automation control, roboticcomponents, actuators, motors, fans, solenoids, valves, pumps,transmitters, signal emitters, lights, and so forth.

The computing machine 2000 may operate in a networked environment usinglogical connections through the network interface 2070 to one or moreother systems or computing machines across the network 2080. The network2080 may include wide area networks (WAN), local area networks (LAN),intranets, the Internet, wireless access networks, wired networks,mobile networks, telephone networks, optical networks, or combinationsthereof. The network 2080 may be packet switched, circuit switched, ofany topology, and may use any communication protocol. Communicationlinks within the network 2080 may involve various digital or an analogcommunication media such as fiber optic cables, free-space optics,waveguides, electrical conductors, wireless links, antennas,radio-frequency communications, and so forth.

The processor 2010 may be connected to the other elements of thecomputing machine 2000 or the various peripherals discussed hereinthrough the system bus 2020. It should be appreciated that the systembus 2020 may be within the processor 2010, outside the processor 2010,or both. According to some embodiments, any of the processor 2010, theother elements of the computing machine 2000, or the various peripheralsdiscussed herein may be integrated into a single device such as a systemon chip (“SOC”), system on package (“SOP”), or ASIC device.

In situations in which the systems discussed here collect personalinformation about users, or may make use of personal information, theusers may be provided with an opportunity or option to control whetherprograms or features collect user information (e.g., information about auser's social network, social actions or activities, profession, auser's preferences, or a user's current location), or to control whetherand/or how to receive content from the content server that may be morerelevant to the user. In addition, certain data may be treated in one ormore ways before it is stored or used, so that personally identifiableinformation is removed. For example, a user's identity may be treated sothat no personally identifiable information can be determined for theuser, or a user's geographic location may be generalized where locationinformation is obtained (such as to a city, ZIP code, or state level),so that a particular location of a user cannot be determined. Thus, theuser may have control over how information is collected about the userand used by a content server.

Embodiments may comprise a computer program that embodies the functionsdescribed and illustrated herein, wherein the computer program isimplemented in a computer system that comprises instructions stored in amachine-readable medium and a processor that executes the instructions.However, it should be apparent that there could be many different waysof implementing embodiments in computer programming, and the embodimentsshould not be construed as limited to any one set of computer programinstructions. Further, a skilled programmer would be able to write sucha computer program to implement an embodiment of the disclosedembodiments based on the appended flow charts and associated descriptionin the application text. Therefore, disclosure of a particular set ofprogram code instructions is not considered necessary for an adequateunderstanding of how to make and use embodiments. Further, those skilledin the art will appreciate that one or more aspects of embodimentsdescribed herein may be performed by hardware, software, or acombination thereof, as may be embodied in one or more computingsystems. Moreover, any reference to an act being performed by a computershould not be construed as being performed by a single computer as morethan one computer may perform the act.

The example embodiments described herein can be used with computerhardware and software that perform the methods and processing functionsdescribed herein. The systems, methods, and procedures described hereincan be embodied in a programmable computer, computer-executablesoftware, or digital circuitry. The software can be stored oncomputer-readable media. For example, computer-readable media caninclude a floppy disk, RAM, ROM, hard disk, removable media, flashmemory, memory stick, optical media, magneto-optical media, CD-ROM, etc.Digital circuitry can include integrated circuits, gate arrays, buildingblock logic, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), etc.

The example systems, methods, and acts described in the embodimentspresented previously are illustrative, and, in alternative embodiments,certain acts can be performed in a different order, in parallel with oneanother, omitted entirely, and/or combined between different exampleembodiments, and/or certain additional acts can be performed, withoutdeparting from the scope and spirit of various embodiments. Accordingly,such alternative embodiments are included in the invention claimedherein.

Although specific embodiments have been described above in detail, thedescription is merely for purposes of illustration. It should beappreciated, therefore, that many aspects described above are notintended as required or essential elements unless explicitly statedotherwise. Modifications of, and equivalent components or actscorresponding to, the disclosed aspects of the example embodiments, inaddition to those described above, can be made by a person of ordinaryskill in the art, having the benefit of the present disclosure, withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of embodiments defined in thefollowing claims, the scope of which is to be accorded the broadestinterpretation so as to encompass such modifications and equivalentstructures.

1. A computer-implemented method to authenticate users via user handlingof user computing devices, comprising: receiving, by one or morecomputing devices, a manual authentication input to begin a firstauthenticated session with the one or more computing devices, the manualauthentication input being received via a user interface of the one ormore computing devices; receiving, by the one or more computing devices,first user handling characteristics captured by a gyroscope oraccelerometer of the one or more computing devices, the first userhandling characteristics obtained by the gyroscope or the accelerometerduring multiple instances of physical manipulation of the one or morecomputing devices by a user over a period of time during the firstauthenticated session; determining, by the one or more computingdevices, a handedness of the user indicating whether the user during thefirst authenticated session is right-handed or left-handed based on thefirst user handling characteristics captured during the firstauthenticated session; receiving, by the one or more computing devices,second user handling characteristics captured by the gyroscope or theaccelerometer during physical manipulation of the one or more computingdevices at a time after the first authentication session ended;receiving, by one or more computing devices, an input to begin a secondauthenticated session with the one or more computing devices;determining, by the one or more computing devices, a handedness of theuser indicating whether the user is right-handed or left-handed based onthe second user handling characteristics captured after the firstauthenticated session ended; determining, by the one or more computingdevices, one or more applications operating on the one or more computingdevices to which the user is allowed access during the secondauthenticated session based on a determination that the handedness ofthe user during the first authenticated session matches the handednessof the user based on the second user handling characteristics capturedafter the first authentication session ended.
 2. (canceled) 3.(canceled)
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a received user handlingcharacteristic used to determine the handedness of the user is based onan angle at which a user holds the one or more computing devices.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein a received user handling characteristic usedto determine the handedness of the user is based on the angle of afinger used to interact with a touch screen of the user computingdevice.
 6. (canceled)
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a received userhandling characteristic used to determine the handedness of the user isbased on movements of the one or more computing devices.
 8. (canceled)9. (canceled)
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein access is not allowedto any functions of the one or more computing devices if the match isnot determined.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein access is allowedaccess to all functions of the one or more computing devices if thematch is determined.
 12. A computer program product, comprising: anon-transitory computer-readable storage device havingcomputer-executable program instructions embodied thereon that whenexecuted by one or more computing devices cause the computer toauthenticate users via user handling of a user computing device, thecomputer-readable program instructions comprising: computer-executableinstructions to receive a manual authentication input to begin a firstauthenticated session with the one or more computing devices, the manualauthentication input being received via a user interface of the one ormore computing devices; computer-executable instructions to receivefirst user handling characteristics captured by a gyroscope oraccelerometer of the one or more computing devices, the first userhandling characteristics obtained by the gyroscope or the accelerometerduring multiple instances of physical manipulation of the one or morecomputing devices by a user over a period of time during the firstauthenticated session; computer-executable instructions to store thefirst user handling characteristics; computer-executable instructions toreceive an input to end the first authenticated session;computer-executable instructions to end the first authenticated session;computer-executable instructions to receive an input to begin a secondauthorized session with the one or more computing devices;computer-executable instructions to receive second user handlingcharacteristics captured by the gyroscope or the accelerometer duringphysical manipulation of the one or more computing devices at a timeafter the first authentication session ended; computer-executableinstructions to compare the first user handling characteristics to thesecond user handling characteristics to determine a number of matches ofthe first user handling characteristics to the second user handlingcharacteristics; computer-readable program instructions to determine oneor more applications operating on the computer to which the user isallowed access during the second authenticated session based on thebased on the number of matches, wherein access to each of the one ormore applications is based on the number of matches determined. 13.(canceled)
 14. (canceled)
 15. The computer program product of claim 12,wherein a received user handling characteristic is an angle at which auser holds the one or more computing devices to determine whether theuser is right-handed or left-handed.
 16. The computer program product ofclaim 12, wherein the computer-executable program instructions todetermine comprise computer-readable program instructions to compare theidentified number of matches to a database of applications, the databasecomprising a list of applications to which the user is allowed accessbased on the identified match.
 17. A system to authenticate users viauser handling of user computing devices, comprising: a storage device;and a processor communicatively coupled to the storage device, whereinthe processor executes application code instructions that are stored inthe storage device to cause the system to: receive a manualauthentication input to begin a first authenticated session with the oneor more computing devices, the manual authentication input beingreceived via a user interface of the one or more computing devices;receive first user handling characteristics captured by gyroscope or theaccelerometer during physical manipulation of the one or more computingdevices at a time after the first authentication session ended;determine a handedness of the user indicating whether the user duringthe first authenticated session is right-handed or left-handed based onthe first user handling characteristics captured during the firstauthenticated session; receive second user handling characteristicscaptured by the gyroscope and the accelerometer, the second userhandling characteristics obtained by the one or more of the gyroscopeand the accelerometer during physical manipulation of the one or morecomputing devices at a time after the first authentication sessionended; receive an input to begin a second authenticated session with theone or more computing devices; determining, by the one or more computingdevices, a handedness of the user indicating whether the user isright-handed or left-handed based on the second user handlingcharacteristics captured after the first authenticated session ended;and determine one or more applications operating on the one or morecomputing devices to which access is allowed during the secondauthenticated session based on a determination that the handedness ofthe user during the first authenticated session matches the handednessof the user based on the second user handling characteristics capturedafter the first authentication session ended.
 18. (canceled)
 19. Thesystem of claim 17, wherein access is not allowed access to anyfunctions of the storage device if the match is not identified.
 20. Thesystem of claim 17, wherein access is allowed access to all functions ofthe storage device if the match is identified.